Chapter 12 – Rhyme and Meter
Rhyme
and Meter:
·
Rhythm: Any wavelike recurrence of motion or
sound.
·
Accented or Stressed: A word or syllable
that receives more pronunciation in relation to its surrounding neighbors.
o
toDAY;
toMORrow; interVENE…etc.
·
Rhetorical Stresses: certain
methods of pronouncing a word in order to display a certain meaning or
intention.
·
There
are multiple methods of displaying meaning through pauses as well:
o
End
stopped line: end of the line corresponds with a natural pause.
o
Run-on
line: the flow of the line moves on with no pause in between.
o
Caesuras:
grammatical or rhetorical pauses that occur in the middle of the line.
§ Grammatical
pause: A pause introduced by punctuation or anything grammatical.
§ Rhetorical
pause: usually through syntax, a natural pause in the poem.
·
Free
verse: Nonmetrical poetry where the basic unit is the line and where pauses and
breaks occur out of the necessity of the poem instead of its style.
o
Predominating
style of poetry among contemporary poets.
o
Opposite
of metrical verse, which follows a meter and the pauses and breaks originate
from the style.
·
Both
free verse and metrical verse are distinguished by its meter and foot:
o
Meter: the identifying aspect of rhythmic
language, the beat of a poem or song.
o
Foot: measures the metrical verse, and
usually consists of one accented syllable and 1-2 accented syllables.
§ Iambic,
Trochaic, Anapestic, Dactylic, and Spondaic (adjectival examples of foot).
·
Stanza: Third unit of measurement; metrical
pattern repeated throughout the entire poem.
·
Variations
of the meter and foot:
o
Metrical
variations: variations that deal directly with the departure of certain
metrical patterns.
§ Substitution:
replacing one foot with another.
§ Extrametrical
syllables: added to the beginning or end of a line.
§ Truncation:
omitting an accented syllable from the beginning or end of a line.
o
Expected rhythm: the expected rhythm the
audience may perceive due to the meter and beat.
o
Heard rhythm: the true rhyme of the poem when read
naturally. Usually a derivative of the expected rhythm.
No comments:
Post a Comment