Hamlet’s one-sided
interaction with the Queen in act 3 scene 4, despite her few lines, offers a
greater lens into viewing her character as a whole. Previously in the play,
there is controversy surrounding the Queen’s willingness to marry Claudius, and
Hamlet wonders whether she was complicit with the murder and that is why their
marriage evolved so quickly. This explains why Hamlet was incredibly accusatory
at the beginning of their conversation, making rude remarks that portrayed
Gertrude as a villain. Hamlet describes the murder as “such an act / that blurs
the grace and blush of modesty / calls virtue hypocrite… [and] makes marriage
vows / as false as dicers’ oaths” (III.iv.49-51; 53-54). Hamlet is trying to
lead the queen into confessing either her knowledge of the murder or her
compliance with Claudius’ plot. As Hamlet continues to rant about this horrible
crime, the queen seems to experience several states of feeling. At first, she
is accusatory towards Hamlet, explaining how his actions have sent Claudius
into a strong state of grief; however, then the Queen becomes afraid that
Hamlet will kill her, followed by an overwhelming sense of fear and
astonishment as Hamlet tears her life apart from the very seams by disgracing
her wretched act.
By this point in
the conversation, Hamlet is trying to determine whether the Queen actually took
part in the murder, arguing that it is impossible to choose Claudius over King
Hamlet without being absolutely compliant: “a combination and a form indeed /
where every god did seem to set his seal / to give the world assurance of a
man. / This was your husband…blasting his wholesome brother. Have you eyes?”
(III.iv.70-75). Hamlet himself is almost disbelieving that his mother was not
in on the murder because of the horrible decision she made to marry Claudius. Through
all of these differing emotions, Gertrude is then disbelieving of Hamlet when
he claims to be speaking to a ghost, and she then suddenly begins to offer an
understanding for Hamlet’s actions. This wide range of emotions display the
Queen’s reaction to Hamlet’s power as a great shock that only depresses her
control over the situation that eventually leads to the acceptance of her mad
son. Gertrude’s actions during this one-sided conversation answer Hamlet’s
initial question: was the Queen compliant with the murder? The answer is no,
simply because her short, rapid, and differing responses to Hamlet’s words
display her tendency to be dominated by powerful men in the play. This would
explain how Claudius was able to convince the Queen to marry him even after
knowing he was the one who committed the murder.